What encompasses the application of science to law enforcement investigations or legal matters?

The correct answer is the application of science to law enforcement investigations or legal matters is best described as forensic science. This field involves the use of scientific methods and principles to analyze evidence in relation to criminal or civil cases. Forensic scientists apply various techniques from biology, chemistry, physics, and other scientific disciplines to gather, preserve, and analyze physical evidence such as fingerprints, blood samples, and digital data. Their work plays a crucial role in establishing facts and providing expert testimony in court, ultimately aiding in the pursuit of justice.

While courtroom procedure outlines the processes and rules followed during legal proceedings, and civil law pertains to the legal framework governing non-criminal disputes, these areas do not primarily focus on the scientific analysis of evidence like forensic science. Criminal justice refers to the broader system of law enforcement, legal processes, and corrections; however, it is forensic science that specifically emphasizes the scientific approach in investigation and relevant legal matters.