What is the main purpose of DNA analysis in forensic science?

The primary goal of DNA analysis in forensic science is to establish the identity of a suspect or victim through biological evidence. DNA carries unique genetic information that can be compared across samples found at crime scenes, such as blood, hair, or skin cells. When forensic scientists analyze DNA, they can generate profiles that are highly specific to individuals, allowing them to either confirm or exclude potential suspects in connection with a crime.

This capability is invaluable in criminal investigations, as it provides strong evidence for identifying individuals involved in a case. The use of DNA evidence can significantly contribute to solving crimes, exonerating the innocent, and linking associated cases through genetic connections.

While testing for allergies, determining blood type, and analyzing hereditary traits are important aspects of biological and medical research, they do not serve the same direct purpose in forensic investigations as establishing identity. Thus, focusing on identity clarification through DNA evidence is what makes it a cornerstone of forensic science.